Isaiah 14:1 For the Lord shall have mercy on Jacob to keep for them the promise of their redemption from Babylonia.
and again choose Israel in the future, He shall redeem them with a complete redemption.
and join And they shall be added on. Comp. (I Sam. 2:36) “Take me now into... (סָפְחֵנִי)” and also (ibid. 27:19) “From cleaving to the Lord’s heritage (מֵהִסְתַּפֵּחַ).”
Isaiah 14:2 shall inherit they shall inherit from them, and similarly, “and you shall hold onto them as an inheritance” (Lev. 25:46).
and rule Heb. וְרָדוּ, an expression of ruling and dominating, as (Lev. 25: 46): “You shall not rule over him (תִרְדֶה).”
Isaiah 14:3 on the day the Lord allows you to rest Scripture is addressing Israel.
from your sorrow and from your shuddering which the king of Babylon saddened you and caused you to shudder, and when you see his downfall, you will be eased, since you will go out free.
Isaiah 14:4 the haughty one Heb. מַדְהֵבָה. An expression of an excess of haughtiness and a heavy burden. Our Rabbis, however, expound it as: Those who say, ‘Measure and bring.’
Isaiah 14:5 The Lord has broken the staff of the wicked For he would smite peoples with wrath.
Isaiah 14:6 pursued without relenting Every nation was pursued by him without his relenting from pursuing and chasing each nation.
Isaiah 14:7 opened [their mouth] in song This is the song they recited, “All the land rested, became tranquil.”
Isaiah 14:8 Box trees, too, rejoiced Rulers, too, rejoiced [from Jonathan]; i.e., they rejoiced at your downfall.
Isaiah 14:9 toward your arrival When you descend to Gehinnom, and what is the quaking? To arouse toward you...
giants Heb. רְפָאִים, the giants lying there.
all the chiefs of the earth [lit. the he-goats.] All the kings of the nations, the princes, and the princesses, are compared by Scripture, to bulls, to cows, and to he-goats. Comp. (Psalms 22:13) “Bulls surrounded me.” Also (Amos 4:1): “The cows of the Bashan that were on Mt. Shomron,” and here he compares them to he-goats.
he caused to rise he threw
from their thrones [i.e.,] the messenger of Gehinnom caused all the kings of the nations [to rise] from their thrones. [according to mss. and Shem Ephraim]
Isaiah 14:10 Have you too become weak like us We are amazed how the misfortune has fallen upon you, that you too have become weak, to be like us, to die.
Isaiah 14:11 the stirring of your psalteries The psalteries and harps that used to play before you. It is also possible to interpret, הֶמְיַתנְבָלֶיךָ as, the stirring of the wanton ones, who commit wanton acts, of your armies, and it seems to me that in the great Masorah, this was combined with (Amos 5:21) “The song of your psalteries,” in the aleph-beth of two meanings.
Isaiah 14:12 Lucifer, the morning star This is Venus, which gives light as the morning star, הֵילֵל being derived from יהל, to shed light. This is the lamentation over the heavenly prince of Babylon, who will fall from heaven.
You have been cut down to earth You, Nebuchadnezzar, who would cast lots on nations. You would cast lots on them, on the kings, who of them would serve you on such and such a day, and who on such and such a day. Our Rabbis, however, expounded this to mean that he would cast lots on the kings for purposes of pederasty.
Isaiah 14:13 above the stars of God Israel.
on the mount of the assembly The mount where all assemble, i.e., Mount Zion.
in the farthest end of the north In the forecourt, the chosen place, the north side, as the matter is stated (Lev. 1:11): “On the side of the altar to the north.”
Isaiah 14:14 I will ascend above the heights of the clouds I am not fit to dwell with mortals. I will make myself a small cloud in the air and I will dwell there. Jonathan renders: I will ascend over all nations.
Isaiah 14:16 shall look at you They will look through holes and cracks [aboater in O.F.].
shall gaze earnestly [Por panser in O.F.] To think of oneself.
Isaiah 14:17 he did not open the house Heb. בָּיְתָה. He did not open their house of imprisonment to release them all the days of their lives, to allow them to go to their home. Every word that requires a ‘lammed’ at the beginning Scripture placed a ‘heh’ to it at the end.
Isaiah 14:18 each in his house In his grave, and so did Jonathan render: In his eternal house.
Isaiah 14:19 like a despised sapling Like a sapling of a tree, which is despised by its owner, who digs it up and uproots it and takes it out. So were you cast out of your grave. The Sages stated (Lev. Rabbah 18:2): When he became an animal and a wild beast for seven years, the populace crowned Evil-Merodach, and when he was restored to his kingdom, he took him and imprisoned him in the dungeon until the day of his death. When he died, they took Evil-Merodach out of prison to crown him king, but he did not accept it upon himself. He said, If he returns to his kingdom, he will kill me. They said to him, He is dead and buried. But he did not believe them until they took him out of his grave and dragged him.
[in] the garb of the slain With filthy apparel, like that of the slain.
of those pierced by the sword Heb. מְטֹעֲנֵי, pierced by spears (sic). “Pierced” in Arabic is ‘mut’an.’
who descend to the stones of the pit to the depths of the pit, the place where stones sink there, you have descended.
like a trampled corpse Heb. מוּבָס. Jonathan renders: trampled, like (Ps. 44:6), “We will trample (נָבוּס) those who rise up against us”; (infra verse 25) “And on my mountains I will trample him (אֲבוּסֶנוּ)”; (Ezekiel 16: 6) “Trampled (מִתְבּוֹסֶסֶת) in your blood,” trampled like the mud of the streets.
Isaiah 14:20 You shall not join them in burial You shall not be equal to other kings, to rest in your grave.
for you have destroyed your land with excessive labor, and you have slain your people groundlessly, as it is related in Daniel (2:12): “And he said to destroy all the wise men of Babylon.” Therefore, they hated you and treated you with contempt to throw you out of your grave.
the seed of evil doers shall not be named forever Even your children shall suffer for your iniquities, and they shall not endure long after you, for their enemies will unite against them and destroy them, and they shall say to each other.
Isaiah 14:21 Prepare a slaughter for his sons lest they rise and inherit the land, and the land will be filled with enemies and oppressors. So did Jonathan render עַָרִים, enemies. Comp. (I Sam. 28:16) “And has become your adversary (עָרֶךְ).” It can also be interpreted: And fill the surface of the earth with cities. In contrast with what he said before (verse 17): “Who made the land like a desert and demolished his cities,” he says further: His seed shall perish, and the inhabitants of the cities shall return to their place, and the surface of the earth shall be filled with cities.
Isaiah 14:22 and a remnant Heb. שְׁאָר, a remnant.
and a son Heb. וְנִין, a son ruling in the kingdom of his father.
and a grandson The son of the son. The son is Belshazzar, and the grandson [or granddaughter in this case] was Vashti.
Isaiah 14:23 hedgehog Heb. קִפֹּד [hricon or hericon in O.F.] [In Modern French it is spelled herisson.]
and I will sweep Heb. וְטִאטֵאתִיהָ, an expression of sweeping [eskober in O.F.], as our Rabbis stated: The Rabbis did not know the meaning of וְטִאטֵאתִיהָ בְּמַטְאֲטֵא הַשְׁמֵד, until they heard [Rabbi’s (R. Judah Hanasi’s) maidservant say to her friend, “Take a broom (מַטְאֲטֵא) and sweep (וְטַאְטְאִי) the house.”]
Isaiah 14:24 as I thought concerning Assyria, so it was. You, Nebuchadnezzar, saw that the words of the prophets of Israel about Sennacherib were fulfilled.
Isaiah 14:25 To break Assyria in My land And with this you shall know that what I planned about you will remain as well.
“To break...” is connected to “As I thought, so it was.”
will I trample him Heb. אֲבוּסֶנוּ, which I said to tread upon him and trample him.
Isaiah 14:26 over all the nations Over Assyria in its time and over Babylon in its time.
Isaiah 14:28 In the year of King Ahaz’s death and his son Hezekiah reigned, was this harsh prophecy concerning the Philistines given.
Isaiah 14:29 Rejoice not, Philistia, all of you for you have lifted your head during the days of Ahaz, who was wicked, whose wickedness brought about that he was delivered into your hands, as the matter is stated in II Chron. 28:18: “And the Philistines raided the cities of the lowlands...”
that the rod that smote you has been broken that the kingdom of the House of David, which was wont to smite you, has been weakened and humbled, as we find concerning David, and so, concerning Uzziah, king of Judah, who smote you, as the matter is stated (II Chron. 26:6): “And he went out and fought against the Philistines and breached the wall of Gath.”
for, from the root of a snake From the root of that snake, shall emanate a venomous serpent, which is more formidable than a snake. Now who was this? This was Hezekiah, concerning whom it is stated (II Kings 18:8): “He slew the Philistines up to Gaza and its boundaries, from watchtower to fortified city.”
and his offspring is a fiery flying serpent Jonathan renders: And his deeds against you will be like flying snakes.
Isaiah 14:30 And the first born of the poor shall graze In his days, the princes of Israel, who are now poor because of you, shall graze. “Firstborn,” is an expression of princes. Comp. (Ps. 89:28) “Also, I will appoint him My firstborn.”
Isaiah 14:31 for from the North smoke has come Retribution harsh as smoke shall come upon them from the north. Gaza and its boundaries, which Hezekiah smote, were in the south of Eretz Israel in the southwestern corner. Eretz Israel is found to be north of it. And so we find in Sifrei in Ha’azinu 322: They attempted to flee through the south, and they turned them over, as it is stated (Amos 1:6): “For three transgressions of Gaza... [because of their exiling a complete exile to deliver to Edom.]” Hence, we learn that Gaza is on the south.
and there is no straggler in his ranks Jonathan renders: And there is no straggler among his appointed ones, i.e., in his ranks whom he appointed to come upon them, and no one delays his steps to be secluded and to come in seclusion alone, but all of them shall come as one, with strength.
Isaiah 14:32 And what shall the messengers of a nation announce What shall the messengers of Israel, who go to bring news, announce in the days of Hezekiah? This is what they shall announce: The Lord has founded in Zion; He has set up therein a fitting and powerful king; the Lord is with him.
and therein shall the poor of His people shelter themselves Even from the ten tribes they would come there, as is related in II Chron. (30:6), “Hezekiah sent messengers throughout the border of Israel, to return to the Holy One, blessed be He.</html